Pregnancy can be a stressful time. It is common for a woman and her partner to have some degree of stress and anxiety during their pregnancy. The expectant couple can typically worry about the mother’s health and more often, the health of their baby. 

The Coronavirus pandemic has added further unknowns with respect to health implications for pregnant women and their babies. According to Dr Renée Miller (Perinatal Clinical Psychologist), “recent media attention on the possible increased incidence of stillbirth during Covid-19, has resulted in a further surge of fear in pregnant women and their partners. This is particularly confronting for parents who are pregnant after a previous loss.”

The present article aims to address the increased burden of worry faced by expectant parents. I address general concerns surrounding the impacts of Coronavirus during pregnancy. I also highlight limitations associated with the study referred to in the media regarding increased rates of stillbirth during the pandemic. Finally, together with Professor Mark Umstad and Dr Stephen Cole, we provide tips on how to keep you and your baby safe.

I’m pregnant. Should I be worried about catching Coronavirus?
From the limited evidence to date, pregnant women do not appear to be more severely affected by COVID-19 than the general population. The Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) states that pregnant women do not appear to become more severely unwell if they develop COVID-19 infection than non-pregnant women of the same age. Most pregnant women will experience mild or moderate symptoms including fever, cough, loss of smell, headaches and fatigue. Most of these women will make a full recovery without need for hospital admission (RANZCOG, 2020).

I’m pregnant. Will my baby be harmed if I catch Coronavirus?
Women should remain reassured, that there is currently no evidence that COVID-19 will harm your baby or cause abnormalities during pregnancy. There is also no evidence to suggest that there is an increased risk of miscarriage with COVID-19 (RANZCOG, 2020). The risk of Coronavirus to a baby appears very small (Stillbirth CRE, 2020).

Should I be worried about the reports of increased rates of stillbirths during the pandemic?
A recent study in the UK found there was a 4-fold increase in stillbirths during the pandemic period (from February to June 2020). Understandably this finding is frightening for pregnant women. However, it should be noted that there were limitations to this study. 

These limitations include:

• none of the stillbirths occurred in women with COVID-19
• a small sample size
• a single-centre setting
• a short time frame
• a lack of information on the causes of the stillbirths 

Obstetrician, Dr Stephen Cole emphasizes that none of the fetal deaths in utero occurred in women with known COVID-19. He stated, “it is possible that increased stillbirths may be due to indirect effects such as a hesitation for women to attend the hospital for check-ups, to come in when they are concerned, or due to a reductions in antenatal visits”.  

While more stillbirth research clearly needs to be done, the UK study also points to possible indirect causes for the rise in stillbirth rates versus a direct link due to Coronavirus. 

Indirect effects include:

• a reluctance for women to present to hospital when necessary (with reduced fetal movements)
• fear of catching Covid-19 while in the hospital
• women not wanting to be a burden on the health system
• staff shortages
• reduced antenatal appointments 
• reduced screening (ultrasound)
• changes in referral patterns

According to Obstetrician, Professor Mark Umstad “It is important to understand that it is still safe to continue attending your care provider during the pandemic. They will have all of the appropriate precautions in place to protect you, including when you attend hospital. While it can be challenging to attend without your usual support team and may be confronting to see clinical staff in their personal protective equipment (PPE), these precautions will keep you and your baby safe during this pandemic."

In summary, studies conducted to date have limitations. Clearly more research is needed. 

What can I do to keep my baby safe?

The next section outlines what Midwives and Obstetricians are advising their patients who are concerned about the health of their babies during the pandemic. 

• Get to know your baby’s movement patterns. If you notice a reduction or change in your baby’s movements, contact your care provider immediately. This may be your Midwife, Obstetrician or GP. Do this as soon as you notice the change in your baby’s movements. You will be asked to go in to your hospital/health facility for an assessment of you and your baby
• Settle to sleep on your side, especially from 28 weeks’ gestation. This is known to reduce the risk of a stillbirth (Still Aware, 2020)
• Be reassured that you are not a burden on the health system and that you and your baby’s health remain our priority 
• Recognise that hospitals and antenatal services are doing everything they can to keep you and your baby safe. Changes in hospital processes are in place to reflect this (e.g. Covid-19 screening, limiting visitors, limiting movement around hospital, frequent hand/equipment washing, staff wearing PPE)
• Keep your antenatal appointments. These are an important part of monitoring your and your baby’s health
• Voice your concerns and questions. Your health care provider knows what an anxious time this is for you and your partner
• Albeit a different experience to what you imagined, this is still an exciting time and soon you will be meeting your beautiful baby
• If you are struggling, contact a psychologist or service that can help you manage your fear and anxiety

Please note: this list is not exhaustive. Please always refer to your health care provider and the advice they give you during your pregnancy. 

The Coronavirus pandemic has understandably added an extra layer of uncertainty and stress for expectant parents. Try not to jump to conclusions in your own bubble of worry. Trust your healthcare provider. Ask your questions and voice your concerns. Focus on the facts, not on the media. You are not alone in this.

We left the paediatrician's office feeling shocked, gutted, and numb. We were told that our child's delayed development could be an indication of Autism Spectrum Disorder. We were barraged with names and details of specialists who could continue assessing Henry and provide therapeutic support. What? Autism?

In the days that followed we watched Henry's every move, his every expression, the way he played, ate, and interacted. The way we saw our beautiful boy had changed since the excruciating hour and a half we spent answering questions, completing questionnaires, and trawling through our memories of Henry's developmental milestones (or lack thereof). With each milestone he appeared to have 'failed', our hearts sank further and further.

We were reassured about the services that could help Henry to learn some of the skills he would need in life - a life we now imagined playing out in the bleakest of ways.

We began contacting the names of the practitioners we had been given. Dying inside that our boy was now going to be scrutinised, assessed, and labelled. Putting one foot in front of the other, we followed directions to implement assessment and support services for Henry.

But who is there to support us? Who can help us to cope with the grief, the trauma, the rising panic? How do we parent our boy now? Who are we now? What does this mean for our other children?

When a child is diagnosed with a developmental disorder such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, there are a multitude of services to support the child. But parents often feel out at sea themselves. Where do they turn to understand their role as parents? Who do they see to recalibrate their views and expectations of their child? How do they manage with the challenges their child brings to the family?
​

Dr Alison Wilby is a Clinical Psychologist who supports parents facing developmental concerns in their young children (under 8 years old). Alison understands the trauma, the profound disappointment, and the fear that parents can feel when they are told there is 'something wrong' with their child.

Integrating over 20 years of working with new parents and young children (particularly where there are significant developmental challenges), and with a PhD on the role of parenting in early social emotional development, Alison is well placed to support parents traversing the multidisciplinary landscape of the Autism Spectrum.

Alison is a warm and caring practitioner who helps parents understand how their child thinks and behaves within the challenges and strengths each child displays. Alison provides assessment and support for parents who are concerned about the development of their infant or child, and she provides tools to manage difficult behaviour while helping parents to gain clarity on the underlying causes.  

Alison has a particular interest in Autism Spectrum Disorder and anxiety disorders in early childhood, including young children with selective mutism.  

With her background in parent-infant settings, Alison works with children who have been affected by a parent’s mood disorder.  In situations where mothers have been hospitalized, Alison supports children who are struggling with the distress of separation.

Irrespective of the diagnosis a child might receive, Alison assists parents to build confidence in their parenting, working with couples to help them to determine optimal strategies for parenting their particular child. Alison's ultimate aim is to help parents to parent with love and acceptance of their child, and to see the unique capabilities that every individual child possesses.

Alison is located in Melbourne’s south east (Caulfield North, Hampton and Glen Iris).
Read more about Dr Alison Wilby here: https://www.antenatalandpostnatalpsychology.com.au/dr-alison-wilby
​
​Article written by Dr Renée Miller
Principal Clinical Psychologist
Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network

When we imagine having a baby, our minds create narratives about the hoped-for child. Along with the child we envisage raising, we hold scripts about the kind of parents we hope to be.

Then we become pregnant, and these fantasies intensify.

The narratives we hold are formed by our past, and by the meaning we derived from the relationships we’ve experienced and observed. We unconsciously amass information and draw conclusions about parents and children, family compositions, siblings, and the meaning of gender within these relationships.

When we find out the sex of our baby (whether in utero or after birth), this intricate web of preconceived ideas springs to the surface. Stories about ourselves, our relationships, our fears, our regrets, and our desires. Some or all of these things can be wrapped up in our perceptions about the sex of our baby. 

Not everyone has a strong preference for the sex of their baby, but for some women (and less commonly, men), the gender of their baby is steeped in personal meaning. When the baby is not the hoped-for daughter or son, some people experience mild to extreme disappointment, grief, and even depression.

Before you judge with “surely a healthy baby is all that matters”, let’s make it clear that a healthy baby is the wish of all parents. But for some parents, the meaning of their baby’s sex is so deeply-rooted in their psyches that the loss of their hoped-for child can be devastating.

To truly understand gender disappointment and the grief women can experience, we need to respectfully understand the particular meaning for the individual. People’s reasons and stories differ uniquely. However, there are some common themes.

The themes
From the vast response I received to my Facebook post (both publicly and privately), there were some noteworthy themes.

1. Gender disappointment appeared to be more commonly experienced by women. A small proportion of women spoke about their male partners’ gender disappointment (equally in relation to wished-for boys as compared to wished-for girls). 
2. The majority of women’s gender disappointment was in relation to the preference for a girl. This was followed by the preference for one of each sex. And less commonly, by the preference for a boy.

The wish for a girl was associated with the following narratives:

• I grew up with sisters. It’s what I know.
• I never had a sister, and always longed for one.
• From a young child, I imagined having a daughter.
• I had a close relationship with my sister but not my brother.
• I have a close relationship with my mum and want to replicate this.
• I have a poor relationship with my mum and want to repair this.
• My brother has a terrible relationship with my parents.
• I am a feminist and work in a female dominated industry. Being a woman is a strong part of my identity.
• I lost a boy, and I want a girl so that I don’t feel like the next baby replaces the baby who died.
• I’ve seen families where the sons have poor relationships with their parents as adults, and I’m fearful this could happen with boys.
• We only want one child, and I want a girl so we can be close. 
• I identified very much as a ‘girlie girl’ when I was growing up, and I want to share this with a daughter.
• I feel like a female will look after me when I’m old, much more so than a male.
• I want to be part of a daughter having her own family (rather than being the mother-in-law who might struggle with a daughter-in-law who prefers her own mum).

The wish for one of each was associated with the following narratives:

• I desperately want the experience of being a parent to both sexes.
• I want my partner to have a boy/girl.
• I have a picture of what each child would share/experience differently with each parent.
• I have a brother, and I loved that.
• I had a competitive relationship with my sister so I want there to be one of each.

The wish for a boy was associated with the following narratives:

• I’d always seen myself as a ‘boy mum’.
• I had an awful relationship with my mum and always hoped for boys because of this.
• I grew up having male friends. I was sporty and not a ‘girlie girl’.
• I didn’t want my child to go through what I went through as a teenager, and I thought a boy would have less social issues.
• Life is simpler with boys. Girls are more complex, especially in the teenage years.
• I had a very close relationship with my brother.
• I am close to my dad, and we are very alike.
• I lost a boy and want another boy.
• I lost a girl and want the opposite sex to the baby I lost.
• I wanted a brother for my son.
• For cultural reasons.

 “Why can’t you just be happy to have a healthy baby?” (A common judgement)
As indicated by the women who responded to my post, gender disappointment does not negate their appreciation and gratitude for a healthy baby. Nor does it (in most cases) preclude loving the baby who was born. 

The disappointment and grief is about the baby who was not born, the baby who had been yearned for and mentalized, in some cases from as far back as a woman can remember.

Extrapolating from the many reasons women offered for their gender disappointment, I propose that these feelings can be understood by three types of projections:

1. REPLICATION
Women seek to replicate what they experienced or witnessed, because it was positive.
2. REPAIR
Women seek to repair what they experienced or witnessed, because it was negative.
3. REFLECTION OF SELF
The wished-for child is a reflection of the woman’s perceptions of self (identity, regrets, hopes, fears, dreams).

The grief associated with gender disappointment is real, and can run deep.

The grief
When the sex of one’s child is opposite to that of the wished-for child, and the family composition differs from the imagined picture, there is a loss of a strongly held ideal. An ideal that may sit alongside one’s self-identity (including one’s cultural identity) and one’s amalgamated past. When this is the case, the depth of grief may be intense.

Sadly this grief tends to be disenfranchised. Most women believe that other people don’t understand their distress (and indeed, many people do not), so they grieve alone or minimise their feelings to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Women often feel ashamed and guilty for their feelings of disappointment. They judge their feelings as unjustified because they haven’t lost a ‘real’ baby. And when they have lost a baby or have experienced fertility difficulties, the guilt and shame can be worse.

Beneath their shame there may be questions like these: 

• “Shouldn’t I just be happy to be pregnant?”
• “If I feel sad that I’m not having the gender I wanted, does this mean I won’t love my baby?” 
• “If I express my feelings to other people, will they think I’m a horrible mother?” 
• “If I express my feelings to others, will they be offended thinking that I’m judging the sex of their child?” 
• “Do these feelings make me an awful person?”

The grief from gender disappointment needs time for reflective processing to acknowledge and work through the feelings and layers of loss. 

How does therapy help?
In some cases, the feelings can be overwhelming and may affect a woman’s mental health and her capacity to bond with her baby. Therapy can be a helpful way to learn to see and appreciate the arrived baby for the unique individual they are, whilst recognising that it’s okay to mourn the loss of the idealised baby.

Therapy can also help women to examine their assumptions and biases about gender, and the meaning they’ve attributed to it through the lens of their past.

The truth of the matter
The truth is that our narratives are not truths. Our narratives are stories we’ve compiled over the course of our lives. These stories are based on subjective conclusions we’ve drawn about boys and girls, sons and daughters, sisters and brothers, in the context of our own history.

As we parent the children we have, we grieve many idealised images or expectations along the way. There are all sorts of things parents wish for in their children that may not come to fruition. Who they are, how they think, what they do, can differ considerably from what we had hoped for and from who we are.

Once again, our unconscious wishes to replicate, repair and reflect ourselves, stem from the experiences and meaning derived from our pasts. 

In essence, parenting is a constant process of recalibrating what we wished for in accordance with what we have. Ultimately, when we are not blinded by our projections, we free ourselves to accept and cherish our children for the unique individuals they are.  

This doesn’t mean we don’t have pangs of sadness, wondering what life would be like with that dreamed for little girl or little boy. But when we acknowledge our grief and accept our reality, we can more readily foster the kinds of relationships and experiences we value with our children, irrespective of their assigned sex.

This article was written with stories shared both publicly and privately on the Facebook page of the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network.

Compiled and written by Dr Renée Miller, with gratitude to the many women who shared their feelings and experiences on this deeply personal topic.
Principal Perinatal Clinical Psychologist
Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network

Conception, pregnancy, childbirth, the postnatal period, and the early parenting years can pose difficulties for many people. Researchers and practitioners need to stay abreast of the experiences people face to continue to update their understanding of how best to support people with such challenges.
 
Back in 2001, over 300 new mothers participated in my research study - for which I will be eternally grateful. As a result, the findings of this research furthered our understanding of postnatal anxiety, at a time when postnatal depression had received the preponderance of postnatal research, and anxiety was conspicuously lacking in research attention. 
 
Ongoing research is vital for practitioners and policy makers to integrate people’s lived experiences into the work and support they provide. 

The psychologists at the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network are passionate about facilitating the collection of data for researchers whose research studies support the mental health of perinatal women, men, couples and ultimately, children. 

How you can help
Do you have some time to participate in a research study that could further inform practitioners who work with hopeful parents, pregnant women, birthing women, women and partners in the postnatal period, and early parenthood?
 
The Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network provides an online research portal for academic researchers (in the perinatal field) to post their studies, giving visitors to the APPN site the option of supporting research, and striving for further meaning from their personal experiences. 

Studies requiring participation
 
Under each listed study, you will see the participants being sought. If you meet the criteria for participation, you will find links to the study on our website here.

Charles Sturt University investigating childbirth experiences and trauma in first time mothers.
Participants required: First time mothers over 18, who have given birth over one month ago at 37+ weeks gestation.

University of Queensland investigating resilience to stress, in families following preterm birth.
Participants required: Parent of a preterm infant, child, or adolescent who is now 0-18 years of age.
 
QUT Investigating how mothers use social media and what effects social media use can have on mothers. Participants required​: Mothers of children aged between 0-4 years. 
 
Melbourne Uni undertaking Delphi expert consensus study: Establishing expert consensus about interventions for preventing and ameliorating the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences.
Participants required: Health practitioners, educators, policy makers, researchers or program managers whose work relates to family or child health and well-being in Australia. 
 
Royal Women’s Hospital & Monash University evaluating different approaches to improving sleep for first-time mothers who currently experience sleeping difficulties.
Participants required: First-time mothers who are less than 32 weeks pregnant and currently experiencing sleep difficulties.  

University of Adelaide investigating experiences of Secondary Infertility: Emotions, Support and Coping Strategies.
Participants required: Women and/or their partners who have tried unsuccessfully to conceive for at least 12 months after having had a successful pregnancy/pregnancies. 
 
University of Adelaide LGBTQI+ Experiences of Pregnancy Loss: Perceptions of Formal and Informal Support and the Impact on Mental Health.
Participants required: People who identify as LGBTQIA+ who have experienced pregnancy loss more than 6 months and less than 10 years ago. 
 
University of Melbourne investigating women’s and men’s experiences of miscarriage, with the ultimate goal of ending the silence around miscarriage.
Participants required: Women, partners and family members affected by miscarriage more than 3 months ago but within 2 years. 
 
Monash University. This study aims to understand how the brain changes in the transition to motherhood. Participants required: First-time mothers 10-14 months postpartum with or without a diagnosis of postnatal depression. 
 
University of the Sunshine Coast exploring the impact that fertility issues have on Australian's women's quality of life whilst trying to conceive.
 Participants required: Women currently trying to conceive, experiencing fertility difficulties. 

Deakin University investigating whether late pregnancy affects women's cognitive functioning.
Participants required: 20 women in their third trimester of pregnancy and 20 women who are not pregnant, have never been pregnant and are not planning to become pregnant in the next 12 months. 
 
Latrobe University aiming to understand factors associated with well-being in same-sex attracted women during the perinatal period, to improve services for this group.
Participants required: Same sex attracted pregnant women and new mums​. 
 
Curtain University aims to establish a set of clinical guidelines for health professionals on the assessment, treatment, and management of individuals with perinatal OCD.
Participants required: Parents with personal experience of perinatal OCD, and clinicians/researchers with expertise in perinatal OCD. 
  
Swinburne University explores the potentially different postnatal experiences of First-Time and Experienced Mothers, including well-being, feelings about motherhood and perceptions of Maternal and Child Health Nurse support.
Participants required: All mothers who have had a baby within the last 2 years, are over 18 years of age, living in Australia, and speak fluent English. 
 
University of Liverpool is looking at how infant feeding attitudes change from pregnancy to the postpartum period. 
Participants required: Women in the third trimester of pregnancy (over 35 weeks). 
 
University of South Australia is looking at whether what you eat in pregnancy affects your mood during pregnancy and after.
Participants required: Women who are 8-15 weeks pregnant at the start of the study (now). 
 
Bond University is conducting research on couples experiencing infertility in order to contribute to the development of helpful fertility related psychological support programs.
Participants required: Couples experiencing infertility. 
 
CQ University's study Experiences of Pregnancy and the Year After Birth, is being conducted to further improve screening and treatments for perinatal mood disorders.
Participants required: Women over the age of 18, who are currently pregnant or have given birth in the last 12 months. 

Please click here to check your eligibility to participate in one of the listed studies.

Your experience could make an enormous difference to the experiences of others.

Thank you for your consideration and potential contribution towards these important research studies.

Dr Renée Miller
Principal Clinical Psychologist
​Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network and The Perinatal Loss Centre
 

 "I never expected to be flooded with so many emotions".
"I feel intensely protective and utterly fearful".
"I feel helpless and sometimes, useless".
"I have this constant worry that something bad is going to happen".
"I was traumatised from seeing my partner in labour, but I knew I had to be strong for her".
"Work seems irrelevant but I feel a pressure to perform because my family is depending on me".
"I don't know who I am anymore".
"What's happened to my wife?"
"I feel exhausted all the time".

These are just some of the thoughts and feelings men have shared in the therapy rooms of the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network.

Depression, anxiety and stress is common in new dads, but the focus is often on new mums. This can mean that dads feel unjustified in seeking help, and worse still, they feel like seeking help in some way implies weakness.

New parenthood is a developmental stage (just like toddlerhood, adolescence, adulthood). With it comes change, uncertainty, new learning, and a need for re-definition (both for the self, and for the couple relationship). Struggling is par for the course. 

New parenthood forces people to acknowledge the ways in which they were parented. This can be confronting, and can present challenges for new parents, especially when their parenting backgrounds were difficult, traumatic, or significantly different from that of their partners'. Some men feel paralysed with fear about parenting like their own parents, but don't know how to do things differently, especially in the toddler years. Parenting support and guidance can make an enormous difference.

Some men struggle because their partners become unwell in pregnancy or the postnatal period (with depression, anxiety, stress or in rare cases, psychosis). We often see men who have 'held the fort' while their partners were being treated, who then 'hit the wall' themselves - buckling under the unexpected pressure of taking care of their partners and babies, while trying to function at work.

Speaking to a mental health professional is about resourcing yourself to better manage in this new life role. Arguably, the most important role of your life. As the Royals William, Harry and Kate discuss in this youtube video, "talking is medicine".
www.youtube.com/watch?v=45RqUmxDXiY

If you are struggling as a new dad, you can contact the phone counsellors at PANDA on 1300 726 306, see your GP, or seek the help of a psychologist. You may have a work Employee Assistance Program (EAP) that you could access.

Centre of Perinatal Excellence (COPE) offers free emails to new dads (synced with the stage of fatherhood they are at), with trustworthy and supportive insights, strategies and advice. Dads can sign up for their emails here:  www.cope.org.au/readytocope/

If you're interested in reading quality parenting articles (curated by a Clinical Psychologist), you can follow the Facebook Page of the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network. Stay informed about evidence-based parenting approaches that support you through the challenges of parenthood (especially through the toddler years).

You could also follow Dr Matthew Roberts's Town Hall Dads Facebook page - dedicated to fathers.

Written by Dr Renée Miller
Principal Clinical Psychologist
Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network

If you've become a parent, you're likely to have been catapulted into a vastly different life to the one you had before. A new identity, new roles responsibilities and routines, and lots of questions about how you're going and how you're feeling as a parent. Parents often look to other parents or professionals for good quality information to help guide them in both their parenting and in their life adjustments.

The psychologists from the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network have compiled a list of resources that we recommend to our clients, that you might find helpful.

The Ted Talks We Love is an ever evolving page on our website that lists Ted Talks on topics such as building emotional security and resilience in children; self-compassion and self-esteem; managing anger; the strength in vulnerability; the pressures of modern day life and the importance of slowing down; and understanding introversion.

These Ted Talks can be found here.

We also have a selection of videos that cover topics of mental health in new parents, and parenting.
These videos can be found here.

Hope you find these resources helpful.

​Dr Renée Miller
​

Insomnia in pregnancy and in new parenthood can be torturous. Many women present to our service with frustration and exhaustion related to insomnia. Women report feeling 'tired but wired', with increasing pressure to sleep when they can, and resulting low mood or anxiety when they can't. The 'bedtime battle' can become an anxious loop of fearing not sleeping, imagining not coping the next day, thereby stimulating the brain in ways that ignite alertness, and prohibit sleep. Interestingly, little research has been done in this area.

Sleep experts and researchers at the Royal Women's Hospital and Monash University are investigating this phenomenon in their efforts to design treatments that best support women to manage sleep disturbances. They are seeking participants for this important research. Can you help?

The SMILE Study is recruiting first-time mothers who are less than 32 weeks pregnant.

As a part of the project you will be allocated to 1 of 3 sleep programs and receive either:
1. A new ‘smart’ bassinet designed to help baby’s sleep.
2. Sleep information and strategies via email at 6 different times during pregnancy and after your baby is born.
3. A booklet containing sleep information and sleep hygiene.

The programs are completely free, and you can receive up to $60 in gift vouchers as a token of thanks for participating. 

All aspects of participation are completed from the comfort of your own home via the internet or telephone!

For more information and sign up, click on the link below.
https://redcap.cdms.org.au/surveys/?s=MN8MX3RPDY
Royal Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee Number: 19/17

In the craziness of COVID-19, people have had to adjust their coping skills in order to manage the stress and uncertainty that this pandemic brings. While recognising what is in and out of our control, we've had to rapidly adjust our homes, routines, and minds to optimally cope at this difficult time.

The psychologists from the Antenatal & Postnatal Psychology Network have put together a series of posters to help you to be a COVID-19 coper.

​These posters can be downloaded here.